Armstrong, Paul. “Fury over Japanese Politician’s Nanjing Massacre Denial.” CNN. N.p., 23 Feb. 2012. Web. 1 June 2015. <http://www.cnn.com/2012/02/23/world/asia/china-nanjing-row/>. A objective source speaking mostly about the aftermath and Chinese reaction of a Japanese officials denial of the Massacre. It fails to explain the reasoning for the denial or why it has become widespread in Japan. But it clearly shows the Chinese reaction and how these remarks damage relations and interaction between the two countries.
The Beheading of a Young Boy. N.d. Black and White Photo. A black and white picture of the execution of a Chinese boy by a Japanese officer. http://www.thepeoplenews.com/August06/img50.gif
A Field of Severed Heads. N.d. A black and white photo. A black and white picture of a pile of severed heads with Japanese troops standing behind it. http://nj-alpha.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/heads-cutoff-by-cold-blood-japanese.jpg
“Former Japanese PM Hatoyama apologizes for Nanjing Massacre.” Want China Times. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 June 2015. <http://www.wantchinatimes.com/news-subclass-cnt.aspx?id=20130119000008&cid=1101>. An article by a Chinese news source which describes apologies and government stances about the massacre in China and Japan. The source is pretty biased but it mostly tries to paint the revisionist movement as bigger than it is, other than that, it agrees with other sources on the matter.
Hora, Tomio. Riddles of Modern War History. New York: Oxford UP, 1967. Print. This source is a book by a Japanese historian about the massacres, putting the death toll at around 200,000, the first accurate estimate. Despite it being by a Japanese historian it is a relatively accepted and considered a reliable source.
A Japanese officer about to behead a Chinese POW. 1938. Black and White Photo. A black and white photograph of a military execution of a Chinese POW by a Japanese army officer during the Nanking Massacre. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e4/Chinese_to_be_beheaded_in_Nanking_Massacre.jpg
Japanese protesters. Blogoncheey. N.p., 24 Feb. 2012. Web. 8 June 2015. <http://www.blogoncherry.com/2012/02/24/china-flared-up-over-japanese-mayors-denial-on-the-nanjing-massacre/>. Japanese protesters carrying signs decrying the official Japanese stance on the massacre, saying that the denial is offensive to the Chinese victims.
Kingston, Jeff. “Japan’s reactionaries waging culture war.” The Japan Times. N.p., 1 Mar. 2014. Web. 4 June 2015. <http://www.japantimes.co.jp/opinion/2014/03/01/commentary/japans-reactionaries-waging-culture-war/#.UxMH8o1WF9A>. A source that describes the culture and feelings of the reactionaries, how they want to make history, and how its damaging. The Japan Times, as an english language paper in Japan is relatively unbiased and meant mostly for well-educated and foreigners. Thus the paper is very much against the reactionaries and opposed to their agenda, this makes the source somewhat biased but it sticks mostly to the facts and more objective material.
Lee, Min. “New Film Has Japan Vets Confessing to Nanking Rape.” Salon. N.p., 31 May 2010. Web. 4 June 2015. <http://www.salon.com/2010/03/31/as_film_japan_massacre_documentary/>. This source, while providing valuable information about the atrocities that occurred during the massacre is not about those atrocities. Instead focusing on the film and its film maker. However, as the admissions come from a group of 250 perpetrators they can be seen as extremely accurate. More shocking is the fact that only 3 out of the 250 troops showed remorse and asked for forgiveness. All in all, a reliable source which proves the occurrence of crimes and shows more clearly the current climate of Japan in regard to the past.
Picture of a book denying the massacres. Amazon. Amazon, n.d. Web. 8 June 2015. <http://ecx.images-amazon.com/images/I/51x2aSeuZRL._SX258_BO1,204,203,200_.jpg>.
A picture of a memorial of the 300,000 victims. Tokyo Weekender. N.p., 5 Feb. 2014. Web. 7 June 2015. <http://www.tokyoweekender.com/2014/02/nhk-senior-manager-denies-likelihood-of-nanking-massacre/>. A picture of the Chinese memorial to the victims of the Nanking massacre.
A picture showing activist Iris Chang and a poster demanding an apology. Women of China. N.p., 4 Apr. 2007. Web. 14 June 2015. <http://www.womenofchina.cn/womenofchina/html1/people/writers/8/5801-1.htm>. A color photograph of a massacre survivor, activist Iris Chang and a poster demanding that Japan apologize for the Nanking Massacre.
Spence, Johnathan D. The Search for Modern China. N.p.: W. W. Norton and Co, n.d. Print. A book about the formation of China as a modern state and the events that have shaped its identity. It attempts to explain and analyze the effect of the massacre as well the causes for the events that occurred. It is mostly from the Chinese perspective and focuses mostly on them rather than the Japanese.
Sterling, Fran. The Nanjing Atrocities: Crimes of War. N.p.: Facing History and Ourselves, 2014. Print. An unbiased source with a lot of background about the climate of both Japan and China at the time of the massacres as well as specific and detailed information about the crimes and events that occurred during the massacre.
Tiezzi, Shannon. “NHK Governor: Nanjing Massacre ‘Never Happened’.” The Diplomat. N.p., 7 Feb. 2014. Web. 1 June 2015. <http://thediplomat.com/2014/02/nhk-governor-nanjing-massacre-never-happened/>. Factual, relatively objective source about comments of a right wing Japanese leader about Japan’s role in WWll. It’s very recent and gives additional context to the remarks, and speaks of similar incidents within his party. The source fails to give much context into the larger scope of Sino-Japanese relations beyond the criticisms of some Chinese officials. Accurate but would benefit from additional historical context and greater scope.
Two Japanese Soldiers. 1937. A black and white picture in a newspaper. China Times. A black and white photograph of the two Japanese troops who started a killing contest to see who could murder more Chinese. Both were convicted for war crimes afterwards. The photo is of a Japanese newspaper which is glorifying the killings. http://www.wantchinatimes.com/newsphoto/2012-02-25/450/nanjing-110813_copy1.jpg
Yukio Hatoyama bows in memory of the victims of the wartime massacre. Wantchinatimes.com. Want Want China Holdings Limited, 19 Jan. 2013. Web. 14 June 2015. <http://www.wantchinatimes.com/news-subclass-cnt.aspx?id=20130119000008&cid=1101>. A color photograph of the former Japanese prime minister bowing in front of a shrine to victims of the Nanking Massacre. http://www.wantchinatimes.com/newsphoto/2013-01-19/450/C117N0037H_N22F_2013%E8%B3%87%E6%96%99%E7%85%A7%E7%89%87_N71_copy1.JPG